Wikipedia keeps track of official URLs for popular websites. With DNS over Wikipedia installed, domains ending with .idk are resolved by searching Wikipedia and extracting the relevant URL from the infobox.
Example:
Type scihub.idk/ in browser address bar
Observe redirect to https://sci-hub.tw (at the time of writing)
Instead of googling for the site, I google for the site’s Wikipedia article (“schihub wiki”) which usually has an up-to-date link to the site in the sidebar, whereas Google is forced to censor their results.
If you Google “Piratebay”, the first search result is a fake “thepirate-bay.org” (with a dash) but the Wikipedia article lists the right one.
— shpx
Play chess and video chat with your friends at the same time, no login required. Just pick a room name and share it with your friend. All rooms are public,
so be sure to pick one that is hard to guess. I made this so our kids could play with their friends, but it should work for anybody. Enjoy!
Works best in Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge on PC or Mac.
Other browsers and mobile devices will not work, since they do not support in-browser video chat.
An IT-etymology/linuxguistics page for people wondering “how come the package yasysmand-cling has such a strange name?”
Giving cryptic names to software is a well-established UNIX tradition, and the explanations are often missing from the documentation, either because the developers imagine it’s obvious (usually wrongly) or because they think nobody cares (and here they’re usually right, or it would turn up as FAQ material).
Suggested guidelines for adding to the list:
it’s only for software that is or at least was in Debian (preferably Stable/Testing main), and it’s ASCIIbetical by binary package;
xyzutils doesn’t need an entry here if XYZ is genuinely self-evident or explained in the package description;
it is okay if the explanation boils down to “arbitrary nonsense-word” or “random cool animal”.
a 2-way ping, able to find out if a packet was lost on the way to a 2ping server or on the way back
3
389-ds
named “Fedora Directory Server” before they got cold feet about the branding – see the FAQ. If you don’t see the answer to the question there, it’s because they’re assuming you know that LDAP uses port 389
A
abcde
abetter CDencoder (in the sense of “it’s a CD encoder that’s better than its rivals”, not “it makes a better CD encoder than a window manager”)
abiword
the word processor designed for AbiSource’s AbiSuite, where “abi(erto)” is Spanish for “open”
acme
the ACME Crossassembler for Multiple Environments
adequate
installed package adequacy checker; or rather, aDebian quality tester
aewm
an exiguous (that is, meager or scanty) window manager
aft
a markup tool which is almost free text
agave
a palette-coordinating tool, previously known as colorscheme; but that gave the wrong impression of its functionality, hence the switch to something completely uninformative – the agave isn’t exactly renowned for its beauty, though I suppose the “G” might hint at a GNOME connection
agedu
it’s “age-du” (as in, atime-sensitive disk-usage scanner), not “agadoo”, but the confusion is officially tolerated
aisleriot
solitaire; an anagram
akonadi-*
KDE PIM service; the name (with a “K” in it) of a Ghanaian goddess (of justice and protection)
alacarte
previously the Simple Menu Editor for Gnome. Some may see why that was renamed; the new version is intended to convey the idea of picking things off the menu
aladin
(interactive sky atlas) because it uses the SIMBAD database (a Set of Identifications, Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data). Spelled French-style with one D
algol68g
“Algol 68 Genie”, a compiler/interpreter for the 1968 standard (revised in 1973) for the Algorithmic Language (punning on the “demon star” Algol)
alpine
Apache-Licensed PINE, where pine was the old (non-DFSG-free) “Program for Internet News and E-mail” – formerly known as “Pine Is Nearly Elm”, named after a yet older electronic mail program. Nowadays contains its fork realpine, which the developers insist is re-alpine (alpine development restarted, since the original team seems to not be doing much) and not real-pine…
amarok
a music player for KDE named after a Mike Oldfield album which is named in turn after an Inuit word for “wolf” – so definitely a “cool animal”
amavisd-new
now the only surviving version of “amail virus scanner daemon”
ampache
(web media-server) amplifier + Apache (q.v.); you might imagine that has some connection with Winamp, but that AMP originally stood for Advanced Media Products (the MP3 player Winamp was built around)
(flashcard system) Japanese for “memorize, learn by rote”
anope
most IRC services daemons have classical names, and this looks like another one – but in fact it’s just the word “epona” backwards, since anope is based on another IRC daemon of that name (Epona being a Gaulish mare-goddess)
anorack
an indefinite-article validator, i.e. “an-or-a-checker”; it’s sheer coincidence that this synonym for “parka” also happens to be British slang for “nerd/trainspotter/obsessive nitpicker”
ansible
(software configuration management framework) nothing to do with ANSI – instead it’s named after a science-fictional instantaneous communications device. (The developer who named the software originally attributed the term to the author Orson Scott Card, but Card was borrowing it from Ursula K Le Guin.)
ant
Apache‘s Java build tool; an appropriate animal justified as “another neat tool”
anthy
(Japanese character-convertor), named after Anthy Himemiya, a character from the anime “Revolutionary Girl Utena”
aodh-*
(OpenStack alarm service, forked out of ceilometer) an Irish name pronounced just like the letter “A” and meaning “fire” – see also heat
apache
legendarily a pun on “A Patchy Server”, since it started as a collection of patches to the NCSA httpd; but the current official version is that it’s named after the Apache tribe of Native Americans, who were skilled in warfare. One of the creators of Apache, Brian Behlendorf, came up with the name out of the blue – he liked the connotations of aggressiveness.
apt
“APT” was originally announced as simply “apackage tool”; these days people seem to prefer either advanced package tool or (the slightly less apt alternative) advanced packaging tool, but none of these answers are officially official
arandr
another XRandR client, because there were already clients called XRandR, GRandR, URandR, and LXRandR by the time it was created. XRandR itself stands for “Xresize androtate”
(server-client distributed deployment infrastructure) for some of the package descriptions in the suite this name is a groan-inducingly obvious Greek-mythology pun, but others don’t even mention that its message protocol is encoded in JavaScript Object Notation
argyll
(color calibration manager) apparently named after the street the developer lived on, which is in turn (maybe fortuitously) named after a region of Scotland associated with tartans (which are basically standardized colorschemes – not to be confused with the Argyle pattern mostly seen on garishly colored golf outfits)
aseba
(classroom robot control system) apparently a reference to the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment used in child psychology
asmix
a dockable mixer (that is, a volume control knob) originally designed for the afterstep window-manager (compare gnustep), as were a good few other nineties packages with names beginning with “A” or especially “AS”; many of them were later replaced by “WM” versions for windowmaker
(MPEG-4 metadata editor) “atoms” are the building blocks of MPEG-4 container units, and “parsley” is a reference to garnishing files with extra information and/or a pun on “parser”
atril
(evince fork for MATE, thematically named in Spanish) “lectern” – i.e. a thing for reading from
auctex
a TeX-editing environment for Emacs developed at what was then the Aalborg University Center, Denmark
audacious
player punning on “audio”, not to be confused with audacity. BMP (Beep Media Player, originally just called Beep) was a fork of XMMS (see xmms2), and Audacious in turn is a fork of BMP; somewhere along the way it stopped being a WinAmp clone
audacity
audio editor with a punning name – compare timidity
augeas-tools
(CLI configuration-file management utilities) in Greek myth, King Augeas was the one who didn’t clean out the legendarily filthy Augean Stables – indeed, he even tried to cheat Hercules out of the reward for successfully doing so. You can guess how well that ended
autopoint
a build tool for a source package’s GNU gettext localization infrastructure; that is, it automates setting up the required po/, intl/, and m4/ directories (cf. po-debconf)
avahi-*
(zeroconf implementation) the obscure animal name struck a developer as cool
a piece of Buddhist philosophical jargon usually translated “sense base”
ayttm
(IM client) originally YATTM but misspelled when the project-name was registered; since backronymed as “are you talking to me?”
azureus
(BitTorrent client) named after the genus of “azure-colored” poison-dart frog in its logo
B
bacula
I suppose you could argue that it comes out at night and sucks your company’s lifeblood over the network, but it really is just an excruciating pun on backups and Dracula (slightly excused by the spin-off acronym of the Bacula Admin Tool)
baloo*
(KDE metadata search framework replacing libnepomuk) given that this is the successor to basenji and before that beagle, both named after breeds of hunting dog, maybe it’s because “Baloo” is popular as a name for individual hounds? But whether directly or indirectly, it comes from the name of the bear in “Jungle Book”, which Kipling took from the Hindi word for “bear”, bhaalu
balsa
a GNOME mailclient, named in the tradition of pine and elm (see alpine)
bangarang
(KDE media player) Jamaican slang for hubbub, uproar
banshee
(GNOME media management application) originally “Sonance”, but renamed after a supernatural entity that produces ill-omened keening
barrier
(free fork of Synergy) a mechanism to let machines share mouse/keyboard, named backwards for the thing it eliminates
(OpenStack key management service) named after the gatehouse in the outer wall of a castle
bc
originally a front-end for dc (“desk-calculator”); modern GNU bc is instead a backwards-compatible byte-code interpreter for dc, but what it stands for is still “basic calculator”
yes, it stands for “Berkeley Internet name domain (version nine)”, but what’s a “name domain” (as opposed to a domain name)? The original unabbreviated name was “the Berkeley Internet Name Domain Server” – that is, it was the UCB domain-server for Internet-names.
bins
(photo album generator) anyone remember SWIGS, Structured Web Image Gallery System? BINS is not SWIGS
biomaj
a biological database updater; for francophones it’s obvious that mise-à–jour means “update”
a Python code formatter that works on the Ford principle “Any color you like as long as it’s black”
blender
(3D animator) not directly named after the kitchen appliance; it was a song (by Yello) used as backing music for a demo of an earlier incarnation
bluefish
(HTML editor) named after its logo (not the same blue fish as its current logo)
bluez
(tools for using shortrange Bluetooth wireless devices) upstream write it as BlueZ, implying it’s “bloo-zee” rather than just “blooz”; the significance of the Z is unclear, but the rest is easy. The protocol is named after the 10th-century Danish king Harald “Blåtand” Gormsson, who was (supposedly) skilled at fostering cooperation between diverse factions, and (maybe) overfond of blueberries
bochs
(classic x86 PC emulator) claims to be a play on the word “box”, but unless there’s a pun I’m not seeing it’s just a whimsical misspelling
bonnie++
this package’s description passes the buck to bonnie, which (when last seen, in Potato) had the description “a file system benchmark which attempts to study bottlenecks – it is named ‘Bonnie’ for semi-obvious reasons.” Don’t get it? The reason is that blues/country musician Bonnie Raitt plays slide guitar using a bottleneck.
borgbackup
a backup framework forked from Jonas Borgström’s attic by a group of developers going by the name “the Borg Collective”
brasero
(CD-burner) from the Spanish for “heater” – i.e. a burner
bro
(network sniffer) decades ago this was short for an Orwellian Big Brother; since then the word has picked up unwelcome connotations, so upstream has switched to zeek, a Gary Larson reference
brotli
a compression tool named after a Swiss bakery product (cf.zopfli); in this case Brötli (or Brödli) = “little bread, bun”
brz
brz=breezy is a fork of bzr=bazaar
bsd*
a few packages have names beginning with BSD not to indicate that they are specific to the Debian GNU/kFreeBSD ports but to signal that Linux distros originally inherited them from (the earliest clearly free versions of) the Berkeley Software Distribution
bsd-mailx
an example of the above; this is a BSD-derived replacement for the original UNIX mail command. The names of different versions have a tangled history (and even that link doesn’t directly explain the “X”; presumably it’s for “extended”)
bsdowl
a BSD make tool “dedicated to Pallas Athene” in reference to the Max-Planck Gesellschaft (but nothing to do with Project Athena) Also, French users would pronounce it bestiole which could be translated back to beastie, which is the nickname of the BSD daemon.
btrfs-progs
(formerly btrfs-tools) BTRFS is the B-tree File System, but if that abbreviation didn’t suggest “BetterFS” there would be no reason to include the “R”
buffy
(new-mail summarizer – see also xbuffy, etc.) a spin-off from biff, because before she got her own TV show Buffy was the girlfriend of the mythical eighties newbie USENET poster BIFF@BIT.NET.
bugzilla*
originally the bugtracking tool used by Netscape for Mozilla, Chatzilla, etc, so the -zilla part isn’t intended to carry its usual negative connotations (“huge, monstrous, and uncontrollably destructive”)
a performance monitor for Kafka named after an unfinished short story
butteraugli
another image-compression tool from Google with a name from Swiss pastry-making (literally “(little-)butter-eye”)
byobu
a command line “window manager” built on tmux/GNU Screen, named from the Japanese word for a screen (in the folding-panel room-divider sense)
C
caca-utils
libcaca pretends to be an acronym for “Color AsCii Art”, but really it’s self-deprecating code: “caca” means “poo” in French. As the website explains (via a quote in French), “everything useful is ugly”
cairo*
the Cairo graphics library was originally named Xr (“X11 rendering”?), then renamed as something less platform-specific: “Cairo” sounds like chi-rho, which is vaguely equivalent to Xr
caja
(nautilus fork for MATE, thematically named in Spanish) “case/chest/countertop” (pronounced to rhyme with “baja”)
calibre
(manager for e-book catalogs, or maybe with that un-American spelling it should be catalogues) that’s “libre” as in liberté, not (just) libr- as in library
calligra
(formerly known as KOffice) just a brandname suggesting “calligraphy” and mysteriously lacking a “K”
canto
(text Atom/RSS feedreader) looks like a Console Atom News-something, but apparently it’s just because it has a subdivided UI and a canto is a subdivision of a poem
caspar
(make-based CMS) the man page used to explain that it was “named after Caspar the Friendly Ghost, since that’s the title of the Daniel Johnston song I was listening to”
cclive
successor for clive written in C. clive must have been a command-line-interface video-extractor (because it certainly wasn’t a Virtual Environment written in the .NET Common Language Infrastructure)
ceilometer-*
(OpenStack metering service) named after an instrument for measuring cloud coverage
ceph
(OpenStack storage) short for “cephalopod”, though not for any reason you’d be likely to guess; supposedly it’s a reference to parallelization and/or a university’s mollusc mascot
chafa
another self-deprecating name for a (non-ASCII) “ASCII art” package; New-World Spanish for “shoddy”
a remarkable number of web browsers have used this name, including the OS X one that was better known as Camino; this one’s much older (and yet still only claims to be an alpha release). Its use of the Athena widget set explains the classical connection; otherwise like most of its namesakes it’s probably advertising itself as a monstrous hybrid
chocolate-doom
a pun on “Vanilla Doom”, a common term used within the Doom gaming community to refer to the original doom.exe on MS-DOS. Chocolate Doom aims to emulate it as closely as possible
choqok
a KDE (hence often written “choqoK”) microblogging client “named from an ancient Persian word for sparrow”
chromium
web browsers on Linux spent a decade going through a cycle of slick new slimline web browsers gradually getting buried in creeping features until they were as weighed down with chrome grills and ornamental fins as a fifties US car, at which point everyone would switch to some new minimalist alternative. Meanwhile these GUI widgets came to be referred to as “chrome”, which explains why Google would choose to advertise their browser as if it was manufactured entirely out of deadweight bling…
chuck
(“Audio Programming Language”) built around a dataflow “chuck” operator – the language name is written “ChucK”, but that just seems to be because related software had similar capitalization
cinder-*
(OpenStack block-storage service) as in “cinderblock”
cinnamon
Linux Mint’s fork of gnome-shell; seemingly a thematic flavorsome name – cf. mate
clevis
encryption framework named after a type of shackle fastener
clisp
Common Lisp, originally a list-processing language
clojure
(JVM Lisp variant) the word includes the letters C (for C/C#), L (Lisp), and J (Java), puns on “closure”, and was a free domainname
conkeror
(web browser) a pun on konqueror and a reference to a novelty beer, but basically a word for the winner in the traditional British children’s game of conkers
conky-*
system monitor; named after an evil dummy character in the Canadian mockumentary TV series “Trailer Park Boys”
coreutils
the package itself has a clear name, but its contents include many commands named in shorthand:
dd: on IBM system/360 mainframes, the Job Control Language used a dd-like syntax to create a Dataset Definition. Legend has it that “Copy and Convert” would have been cc, but that was already the Ccompiler; dd was the next-best thing (alphabetically). Some users prefer “data/disk destroyer” or “delete data”, which, thanks to its non-unix-y interface, is what the user may end up actually doing when trying to duplicate data or disks.
mknod: originally created any sort of “file system node”; nowadays of extremely limited usefulness.
ptx: an inscrutable abbreviation for a word-salad generator. PermuTed indeXes were tortuous concordances for manual pages back in the days before tools like apropos. The GNU version was created in 1999 as some sort of exercise in medieval reenactment.
uname: short for “UNIX name”, which makes it bizarre that the version now standard comes from a project that’s explicitly Not UNIX…
corosync
(cluster interprocess messaging framework) I’m really hoping this is coro as in the Portuguese/Spanish/Italian for “chorus” (or conceivably “coroutine”), plus sync as in “(virtual) synchrony”, and has nothing to do with coronary syncopation a.k.a. cardiac arrhythmia
the archiving tool does indeed “copy in/out”, but this package also includes an executable that’s harder to guess the function of: “mt-gnu“, the GNU version of the magnetic tape manipulation tool
a reference to Dr Strangelove (where an oversensitive CRM114 Discriminator causes the nuclear apocalypse) partly justified by the backronym “controllable regex mutilator”
curl
the FAQ says it’s “a play on ‘Client for URLs’, originally with URL spelled in uppercase to make it obvious it deals with URLs. The fact it can also be pronounced ‘see URL’ also helped, it works as an abbreviation for ‘Client URL Request Library’ or why not the recursive version: ‘Curl URL Request Library'”
cw
a front-end to the Morse processor unixcw. “CW” originally stood for “continuous wave radio”, but hams use it as (written) shorthand for “Morse” regardless of the medium
cwm
(window manager inspired by evilwm) also known as calmwm
cyrus-*
mail server; named in honor of King Cyrus II (“the Great”) of Persia, who established an early postal network
D
dansguardian
Daniel Barron’s web-censoring server, which “guards” web users from the things it’s filtering
daphne
(server for Django Channels) named after a Django Reinhardt composition
darcs
the package description seems to imply it stands for Distributed Interactive Revision Control System, which of course it doesn’t; the D was originally for “David (Roundy)’s”, but he preferred the recursive Darcs Advanced RCS
dares
recovery tool for damaged optical discs; for some reason only the German docs admit it’s short for data-rescue
dbus
yes, it’s a “message bus”, but what’s that when it’s at home? The answer is that it’s a data transport system – a standard software engineering technical term coined by analogy with hardware “buses” such as PCI, which are themselves named after electrical-engineering “busbars”, which got their name in the days when the omnibus was the latest in transport technology. Third-generation jargon! Meanwhile, although it’s nowhere to be seen in the official docs, Wikipedia claims the “D” stands for Desktop. See also the input-method framework ibus, where the connection to the original vehicular metaphor is even more tenuous
dconf-*
a replacement for GConf (the GNOMEConfigurator), where the “D” may stand for D-Bus or directly for “Desktop”; not connected to the ex-package “dconf” where it was D for Dump, or maybe Distributed
denemo
GUI for lilypond, the music typesetting system. denemo is a garbled version of the word “dénouement” (compare the commercial alternative “Finale”). The name lilypond itself references the slightly earlier rosegarden and a friend named Suzanne (etymologically “lily”)
designate
(OpenStack DNS-as-a-Service) a synonym for (the verb) “name”
desmume
(Nintendo DS emulator) an odd garbling of “DS-emu-Me”, in the style of “hacking” tools like FlashMe
dillo
an earlier web browser was named “gzilla” (a GTK mini-Mozilla), then since that was just too close, “armadillo”; this fork is a cut-down version
ding
allegedly dictionary nice grep, but note that “Ding” is the German for “thing/thingummy”
diodon
(GNOME clipboard manager) another arbitrary(?) animal: Diodon is a genus of blowfish (named from Greek “two-tooth”)
dirvish
(backup system) because it writes to spinning media – like external SSDs instead of tape spools… uh, hang on a minute. And aren’t whirling dervishes spelled with an E? So maybe the acronym theory makes more sense after all
*django
(Python web-app development framework) named after jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt, the famous Belgian
dolphin
(KDE file manager) a not-quite-arbitrary cool animal, in that it’s smart and streamlined (and compare GNOME‘s equivalent, nautilus)
doxygen
got its name from playing with the words “documentation” and “generator” (documentation → docs → dox, and generator → gen). At the time the author was looking into lex and yacc, where a lot of things start with “yy”, so the “Y” slipped in and made things pronounceable
dracut
(low-level tool for generating initramfs images) a small town in Massachusetts, not all that far from Plymouth
drupal*
PHP blog engine; mangled Dutch for “droplet”, named after the (former) online community at drop.org, which in turn was originally a typo for “dorp”, village (so it’s double Dutch)
dmenu-ish universal notification system (and German for “haze”, or maybe even a reference to the actress Kirsten Dunst); dmenu is the Dynamic menu app included in suckless-tools
dynamite
it “blows up” (meaning “inflates”, meaning decompresses) PKWARE (i.e. .zip) archives
E
eclipse
(Java IDE) the Eclipse Foundation may be essentially a project to support Java development in a Sunless environment, but when it was named the thing it was intended to eclipse was MS Visual Studio – the snub to Sun Microsystems is an accident!
eiciel
(GNOME ACL-editor) a spelling in phonetic Spanish of the English initialism for “Access Control Lists”
GNOME web browser; the word means “a moment of insight or (mystical) revelation”, so maybe it’s just a fancy way of saying “it’s an idea I had”
eric
an IDE for Python overtly named after Monty Python’s Eric Idle (compare idle)
erlang
a programming language either named after a Danish mathematician/engineer or after the fact it’s a language originally developed by Ericsson (for telephony)
etherape
a packetsniffer punningly named after the Windows-only EtherMan, where “Man” was short for man-in-the-middle. Not connected to “the Ether Man”, the media nickname for a serial rapist
ettercap
an ethernet capture tool; it’s also a lurking horror capable of ARP poisoning, so it’s named after a venomous AD&D spider-monster
evince
(document viewer) swanky word for “show”
evolution
(GNOME groupware) inherited from Ximian, where it fits in with their primatological theme
exfalso
tag editor for quodlibet. “Ex falso quod libet” is Latin for “from a falsehood, whatever you please” (a principle of classical logic)
exim4
version four of an MTA that was originally an EXperimental Internet Mailer
exo-utils
the libexo support library for Xfce applications consists of extensions developed by os-cillation.de
expat
the expat XML parser is so called because it’s an English word that’s close enough to X-pa(mumble)
eyes17
Experiments for Young Engineers and Scientists
F
fcitx
originally the free Chinese input toy for X; but that was never a very good name and has become increasingly inaccurate, so we are now permitted to understand it as standing for anything we like, such as maybe “friendly customizable interaction tool for UNIX“, or maybe “flexible character indication technology for… xenography”
feersum
(PSGI engine) a reference to the Iain M. Banks novel “Feersum Enjinn” (“fearsome engine”)
fenics
the FEniCS project providescomputational software for finite element analysis, originally compiled at the University of Chicago (whose emblem is a phoenix)
ffmpeg
(media player) “FF” as in Fast-Forward, MPEG as in the media format established by the Moving Picture Experts Group
Frank, Ian, & Glenn’s letters. Named by the original author for (1) a friend whose e-mail signature inspired the program, (2) another friend who contributed some code, and (3) himself
file-roller
GNOME archive manager; the association with compression implies that it was named in the part of the anglophone world where people talk about “(road-)rollers” rather than always calling them “steamrollers”
firefox
(mozilla-descended webbrowser) originally announced as Phoenix, then since there was already a trademarked browser by that name, Firebird… which it turned out was also taken. Their third pick was a literal translation of the Chinese name for Ailurus fulgens, the red (lesser) panda. Then it spent a decade in Debian under yet another name
flite
“festival lite”, because it’s a lightweight alternative to the Festival Speech Synthesis System (originally developed at the University of Edinburgh)
fop
(XML converter) formatting objects processor
forg
a Python-TK gopher client confusingly named as a Kermit reference – see the old explanation on its homepage. The gopher protocol itself got its name from the mascot of the University of Minnesota, and from the fact it runs file-fetching errands through a network of virtual tunnels.
fort77
a front-end to invoke The IBM Mathematical FORmula TRANslating System, as standardized in the seventies (arguably 1978!)
fpc
(the Free Pascal Compiler) “Free Pascal” is the particular free Pascal derived from FPK Pascal (named with its author’s initials), and the language was named after the inventor of the mechanical calculator.
*fribidi*
GNU FriBiDi is a free implementation of the Unicode Bi-directional Algorithm, to support writing systems like Hebrew and Arabic (which require both right-to-left and occasionally left-to-right text). Giving it the same vowel throughout may be to make it simpler for non-anglophones, or just funnier
fuse*
some of these packages are more up-front than others about the fact it stands for filesystem-in-userspace, which is not so much an acronym as a pair of jargon terms smushed together. Maybe it would have been called u-mount if that wasn’t already taken
futatabi
(video server) Japanese for “again”, because it does replays etc
fvwm
nobody knows what the “F” stands for, but the most popular arbitrary retrofit is that it’s the “feline” virtual window manager
G
“G” usually stands directly or indirectly for GNU (where it stands for GNU); GTK for instance is the GIMP ToolKit (where “gimp” is the GNU Image Manipulation Program)
g10k
(Puppet environment and module deployment) no, it’s not short for “gobbledigook”, it’s just a Go rewrite of r10k
gajim
Gajim’s AJabber Instant Messenger (not to be confused with gaim – see pidgin)
gambas3
(BASIC IDE) GAMBAS is a recursive acronym for “GAMBAS almost means BASIC”, as well as being Spanish/Portuguese for “prawns” (hence the logo)
gamin
francophone wordplay: first there was the File Alteration Monitor, then (because “fam” is short for “family”) its child projects were called “marmot” and “gamin” (both of which mean something like “kid”, “brat”)
(robotics simulator) the next best thing to testing them outdoors
gcompris
(educational games) another French pun: “G Compris” = “j’ai compris” = “I understand (have understood)”
gcp
stands for Goffi’s file CoPier, Goffi being the nickname of the author
geany
(GTK IDE) something along the lines of Gtk-anythingyoulike, with the E just nudging it in the direction of “genie” (or judging by the FAQ’s pronunciation guide, French “génie”)
geeqie
a fork of gqview (punning on “geeky”)
gforth
GNU Forth, which would have been named FOURTH if IBM 1130s allowed six-letter names, since it claimed to be fourth-generation software (though not a 4GL in the later sense)
ghostscript
a punning name for a GPLed alternative to Adobe PostScript
gigolo
a GIO/GVfs filesystem connection manager, named this way because as a gigolo, it mounts what it is told to
gir*
GIR is the GObject introspection repository; “type introspection” lets objects provide metadata about themselves, but the main influence on this name is probably the fact that “Gir” is an Invader Zim reference
GPLed client for the kermit protocol, which was named after the muppet but backronymed as “Kl10 Errorfree Reciprocal Microprocessor Interchange over TTY”
gkrellm
according to the vanished FAQ, it’s short for GNU (or GTK) KrellMonitors (or meters), the Krell being the alien species featured in the movie “Forbidden Planet”
glance
(OpenStack image service) a name associated with speed and the visual sense of the word “image”
glewlwyd
(OAuth2 authentication server) in Welsh legend, King Arthur’s gatekeeper
*glib*
named after the non-GUI-specific code separated out from GTK+, where the G as usual stands indirectly for GNU; not to be confused with glibc AKA eglibc AKA libc6
glymur-*
(JPEG2000 tools) named after a waterfall in Iceland. presumably as a (web media) “streaming” reference
gnat
(the GCC Ada compiler) originally the GNU NYU (New York University) Ada(95) Translator (Ada being named in honor of “the first computer programmer”, Ada Lovelace)
gnats
(bug-tracker) not to be confused with the above: gnats are just GNU-themed bugs (or insects at any rate)
gnocchi-*
(OpenStack Metering-as-a-Service) a thematic-naming pun on the OpenStack message queue called Marconi (deliberately confusing that with “macaroni”) – see zaqar
gnome
originally the GNU Network Object Model Environment, until that was judged not to match the project’s objectives; now it doesn’t stand for anything
gnome-klotski
a GNOME sliding block puzzle; from the Polish “klocki”, “wooden blocks”, and formerly known even more obscurely as gnotski
gnome-orca
named in the same tradition as previous screen-readers such as Flipper and Dolphin
gnome-sushi
previewer for nautilus; presumably the idea is that you’re eating raw cephalopod. Not to be confused with the sushi which is a metapackage for a thematically named IRC suite
gnome-tetravex
a vexing GNOME puzzle played on a 4×4 grid; formerly known even more obscurely as gnotravex
gnumach
(not to be confused with mach) GNU implementation of the MACH microkernel, which was originally jokingly named MUCK – “multi-user (or multiprocessor universal) communication kernel” – until it was misspelled by an Italian
the GNU replacement for the text formatters troff (typesetter roff) and nroff (“new” as of 1979); “roff” is a contraction of “run-off” as in “run off a hard copy”
gromacs
(Molecular Dynamics computation system) nothing to do with groff or emacs; it’s the Groningen (NL) machine for chemical simulation
“Geometry Understanding In Higher Dimensions”, folded through hyperspace into GUDHI as in the Marathi “guḍhī pāḍavā” festival
guetzli
a (JPEG) compression tool named after a Swiss bakery product (cf. zopfli); in this case biscuits
guile-*
backronymed as the GNU Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extensions, but mainly a pun; it’s an interpreter/virtual machine for the language “scheme”, which was originally named “schemer”, in the tradition of lisp-derivatives like “planner” and “conniver”
gummiboot
(UEFI bootloader) a German pun (cf. u-boot) – a Gummiboot is a rubber dinghy; simple, portable, and easy to deploy
gweled
a GTK+ clone of “Bejeweled“, punningly named in Welsh (“gweled” means “vision”)
H
hadoop-*
surprisingly doesn’t stand for high-availability distributed object-oriented programming; it was stolen from the name the programmer’s son gave to a toy elephant (an arbitrary animal with convenient undertones of “lumbering but lovable”)
a JavaScript tool for handling templates, designed to be a compatible replacement for mustache, which is so-called because it uses lots of mustache-like {{braces}}
haserl
lightweight CGI wrapper system; a Bavarian word for “bunny” (so another semi-arbitrary animal)
heat-*
(OpenStack orchestration service) as in atmospheric dynamics and cloud creation
heimdal-*
free implementation of Kerberos 5; named after another mythological watch-keeper (in this case a Norse god)
herbstluftwm
(tiling window manager) it’s not a random stack of letters, it’s a beautiful German word! Herbst-Luft-WM, the Fall-Air (or should that be Autumn-Breeze?) Window Manager, is so called because the author liked the sound of the MUA “wanderlust” AKA wl
hesiod
a name service for storing system databases; another classical reference from Project Athena – Hesiod was biographer to the gods
(micro-blogging Twitter/Identica client) named after a breed of dwarf rabbit (which is named after a place in Normandy)
hugs
(Haskell interpreter) Haskell user’s gofer system, Haskell being named after the logician Haskell Curry
hugin
(panoramic photo stitcher) named after one of the two ravens of the Norse god Odin (cf. the otherwise unconnected package munin). The name is Old Norse for “thought”
hunspell
a spellchecker that was originally specific to Hungarian
It’s not clear whether all the ice- names below are mostly a coincidence or whether there is some sort of shared subtext of “cool and/or penguin-friendly”.
i2c-tools
I-squared-C, meaning “Inter-Integrated Circuit”, is a hardware bus protocol, which gets us a little closer to guessing that it means “tools for reading from hardware health-monitoring sensors”
i3
designed as the successor to wmii, this is the third generation of improvements to this kind of window manager and stands for Improved Improved Improved, shortened to i3
iagno
it admits to being similar to Go (not that go) and derived from Reversi; but the key to understanding the name is that it’s “GNOME iago”, because the name of the trademarked version is Othello, and when you metaphorically invert Othello (in the play of the same name) you get Iago
icebox
middleware development framework using ZeroC’s Internet Communications Engine
icecast2
streaming audio server, a cool (?) free clone of Shoutcast
icedax
free fork of cdda2wav for cdrkit (see also wodim); supposedly the Incredible Digital Audio Extractor, but note that this fork happened just as iceweasel was being renamed
icedtea-*
free version of OpenJDK (see Java), which couldn’t use that trademarked name
Win95-alike window manager, named “on a very hot day”
icinga
a fork of NAGIOS which was careful to pick a name that’s definitely untrademarked. “Icinga” means “it browses” in Zulu (where “C” represents a tutting sound)
idle
officially an Integrated DeveLopment Environment for Python (rather than being named after Monty Python’s Eric Idle). Predated eric
inotify-tools
inotify is a Linux filesystem-monitoring interface, but what does the “I” stand for? It replaced dnotify, where the “D” definitely stood for “Directory”; so the answer is probably “Inode”. But even Dennis Ritchie wasn’t sure what the “I” in “Inode” stood for! The traditional guess was “Index”, but it’s only a guess
insserv
reading between the lines of its man page’s EXIT CODES section, “install services”, i.e. “add daemons to the SysV init system”
iptables
tool for configuring the Linux kernel’s handling of IPv4 packets; the package description does manage to mention the word “firewall”, but never fully explains the package’s name. There’s no rows-and-columns structure involved; it’s just that each firewall rule is an “IP chain” (as used by the old ipchains) and the chains are grouped into sets called “IP tables”
ironic-*
(OpenStack provisioning server) a nice obvious pun on bare metal
irssi
phonological pun on ircII, “Internet Relay Chat client, second edition”
ispell
(spellchecker) nothing to do with iBooks! It was the first interactive successor to UNIX spell
isso
(web commenting system) German online abbreviation for “ich schrei sonst” (“otherwise I’ll scream”)
istanbul
(desktop recorder) disappointingly this was never known as constantinople; it was named after a particular football match (“Liverpool’s fifth European Cup triumph in Istanbul on May 25th 2005”)
iw
a package (and CLI tool) that might have been called ieee802.11-standard-wireless-network-interface-device-configurator-utility; it replaces iwconfig, which was like ifconfig with a “W” for “wireless” jammed in seemingly at random (and compare the similarly basic iproute2 command ip)
J
Package names beginning with “J” may be referencing Java (see below), or may occasionally be “Just Another” (compare “Yet Another”).
jami
(phone AV/chat platform) “inspired by a Swahili word that means ‘community'”
java-*
the programming language is named after (a variety of) the raw material that mathematicians turn into theorems
javascript-*
a programming language announced as a web technology just as Java was becoming successful in that field, and widely suspected of being named as a deliberate ploy to ride on its coat-tails, though it had been known as “Mocha” very early in its development
jenkins*
a fork of Oracle’s software building/testing infrastructure, Hudson™; both are vaguely butlery names, and Jenkins has the bonus of beginning with J-for-java
jerry
Chess GUI; thematically named by its German developer after the existing “Fritz” – both being wartime nicknames for Germans
jetty*
(Java servlet engine) the FAQ mentions several reasons (but skips “it’s a safe place to launch things”)
jffnms
not very appropriately a Just For Fun Network Management System
joe
Joe’s Own Editor by Joseph H. Allen (whose first name is often abbreviated Joe)
originally created as a Jackpot Navigator emulator (for interfacing with slot machines), it transformed into a serial sniffer that is able to send data on a serial line too. Giving credit to this first use, the name is some sort of strange mash up
jupp
fork of JOE named after the author’s friend Josef, which can be abbreviated Jupp or Sepp depending on the part of Germany you live in – the latter more common in Bavaria
K
“K” occasionally stands for Kernel, but usually it’s KDE
k3b
(KDE CD/DVD-burner) the “K” is obvious, but it’s not “K-times-three B” (because that’s a KKK-burner); it’s not “K[…three letters…]B” (because that’s a kebab); it’s “a K and three Bs”, meaning “KDE Burn, Baby, Burn”
*kafka
no, Amazon Kafka isn’t named in the expectation that it will someday metamorphose into a single enormous bug; the author says it’s “a system optimized for writing”
kadu
a KDE-based client for the gadu-gadu Instant Messaging protocol (popular in Poland, where “gadu-gadu” is “chit-chat”)
kamailio-*
(SIP proxy) was called “OpenSER”, then dodged a trademark with the Hawaiian word “kama‘ilio” = “talk/converse”
kanla
(outage-spotter) you might guess from the logo that it means “eye”, but you probably wouldn’t guess the source language: Lojban
karbon
(KOffice/Calligra vector graphics package) originally known as Karbon14 after the isotope used in radiocarbon-dating
kde-*
originally a replacement for the Common Desktop Environment with a Kooler arbitrary initial letter. However, these days for branding reasons the desktop environment is officially called Plasma, and KDE is just the developer community, so presumably it doesn’t stand for anything. (Meanwhile, following Plasma’s states-of-matter theme, the hardware support framework is provided by libsolid)
kephra
(text editor) named after “the scarab god (neter) of ancient Egypt”, since that deity created himself and this is software that the programmers use to produce new versions of itself. But while “neter” may be the Ancient Egyptian for “deity”, “kephra” appears to be a typo for “Khepra”…
keystone
(OpenStack authentication service) a crucial building-block, and as a bonus the word sounds as if it means something security-related rather than just a lump of masonry
kgb-client
KGB is a bot relaying VCS commits to IRC notifications, successor to CIA, which was “a brainless entity designed to keep an eye on subversion”. Not related to kgb the file-compressor.
tools built with an alternate C library specialized for use at boot-time – the “K” is for (the Linux) Kernel
kodi
the media center formerly known as xbmc, XBox Media Center, or (even earlier) Xbox Media Player. That name became misleading and awkward, so they picked one that (among other considerations) is vaguely connected to the word “code”
kodos
regexp debugger named as an arbitrary Simpsons reference (Kodos being one of the UFO aliens)
konqueror
(KDE file manager and web browser) the name is a play on the names of its competitors at the time: after visits from a Navigator and an Explorer, the next to arrive is the Conqueror
kopano-*
groupware; formerly known as zarafa (which means “giraffe”, but was also the name of a famous zoo giraffe). Continuing the same arbitrary ungulate connection, “Kopano” is “united” in Tswana (as spoken in Botswana), and the name of a baby giraffe at Dallas zoo
kopete
KDE chat client; copete in Spanish is literally “tuft of hair”, but Chilean slang for “a drink with your friends”
krb5-*
squeezed name for “MIT Kerberos version five“; Kerberos was the watchdog of the Greek underworld (also known in Latinized form as Cerberus), so it’s a natural label for the network authentication protocol originally designed for Project Athena
krita
KOffice/Calligra graphics package; in Swedish, “krita” means “chalk/crayon” and “K-rita” is “K-draw”; but if that’s not enough justification, “krita” is also Sanskrit for “perfect”
krusader
a two-panel file manager in the tradition of Midnight Commander, with a “K” for KDE. All the names like kommander, kontroller, and kaptain had already been claimed, so this app has ended up with one that won’t make it popular in the Middle East
kupfer
a launcher described as “in the style of” Mac OS X’s Quicksilver. “Kupfer” is German for “copper”, so apparently it’s just a thematic chemical element and the K doesn’t indicate a particular desktop allegiance
L
Usually, packages with names like “libfoo” are just shared libraries pulled in by installing foo (with a few exceptions like the libreoffice* apps that depend on the library ure; as long as the end-user package is sanely named it hardly matters if it also pulls in libglibber and libnyarlathotep). One example of a punning lib* name is the GNU support library libiberty (included in the package binutils-dev, among others); the option to link against a library is “-l” plus the library name with the “lib-” prefix stripped, so in this case it’s “-liberty“.
latexila
a LaTeX editor; pun with LaTeX and tequila, « la tequila » meaning “the tequila” in French
lazarus
an IDE for Pascal; a “back from the dead” fork of the Megido project
ldap-*
the lightweight directory access protocol provided a “telephone directory” system that was lightweight in terms of bandwidth usage compared to the X.500 DAP
leela-zero
(go-playing engine) “Leela” is a Futurama “one eye” reference; the author already had an engine with that name before this reimplementation of AlphaGo-Zero
leiningen
Clojure project tool; a reference to the short story “Leiningen Versus the Ants”
lektor
(website CMS) German for “reader/literary editor”
lemonldap-ng-uwsgi-app
a uWSGI server (Web Server Gateway Interface, but is it u-for-Unbit or mu-for-micro?) for the Next Generation version of this online LDAP server… a fork so old that all trace of the original has faded from the web, probably taking with it the reason for the citrusy name
lesstif*
first there was the Open Software Foundation’s proprietary User Environment Component, which was named Motif in an in-house name-the-GUI-widget-toolkit competition and went on to become a UNIX industry standard. That had an LGPLed fork named LessTif (“less” being the opposite of “mo'”) and a just-good-enough-for-nonfree fork called OpenMotif; but now Motif itself has gone GPL and lesstif is no more
libbobcat*
(C++ toolkit) Frank Brokken’s own base classes and templates
libbonobo*
deprecated CORBA precursor to dbus. Developed by Ximian and named like most of their products with an arbitrary word out of primatology
libc6
obviously, the main system libraries for the C programming language, version six; the source package is called eglibc, meaning the fork of the standard GNU libc originally developed for embedded systems. But why “C”? First (in sixties Cambridge) there was CPL, the Combined (i.e. collaboratively developed) Programming Language – though some accounts say the C was originally for Christopher (Strachey). Then there was BCPL (Bootstrap or later Basic CPL); next that got stripped down to “B”, then reimplemented as just “C”. Self-proclaimed successors to C include “C++” and “D“.
a “networked environment for personal, ontology-based management of unified knowledge” (as part of a “semantic desktop”); the word also happens to be a town in the Czech republic
(Apache C++ XML-handling toolkit) named after King Xerces, AKA Ahasuerus, AKA Khshayarsha I, AKA Xerxes the Great of Persia (son-in-law of Cyrus), perhaps indirectly via the extinct Californian butterfly the Xerces Blue.
lsb-base
expands to “Linux Standard Base base“, which is a little confusing when it’s a required package even on Debian GNU/kFreeBSD
Brazilian programming language inspired by the Simple Object Language (in Portuguese, “sol” is “sun” and “lua” is “moon”). “Linguagem para Usuarios de Aplicação” (Language for Application Users) is just a jokey backronym; writing it as LUA is now considered a Lua Uppercase Accident.
lynx
a punning animal name. Pre-Stretch the package was confusingly called lynx-cur, a relic of the days when there were separate packages based on the current and stable versions
lyx
this LaTeX document processor was originally named LyriX (which apparently is just something that sounded good and vaguely resembled LaTeX) but that turned out to be taken, so it changed to something that let it keep the .lyx file extension
lzop
(compression tool) the name may look like a compressed version of LZOzip, but officially it’s the Lempel–Ziv–Oberhumer Packer
M
m4
(macro processor) GNU M4 is indeed a successor to m3, but that was seemingly so named not because there had ever been an m2 but because it was a macro-processor for the AP-3 minicomputer. Some short command-names (such as cp, df, or ls) may function to save ordinary CLI users the effort of typing anything longer, but m4 rarely needs to be invoked manually (it’s just called by automated build systems). The two-letter name is a mark of its age and importance
mach
tool to make a chroot for an RPM-based distro (not to be confused with GNU MACH or with the ATI GPU). The word “mach” also happens to be German for “make”, and the surname of a German physicist who gave his name to various cool things
magnum-*
(OpenStack containers-as-a-service) because a magnum can be a container for a lot of champagne, and/or bullets
mahimahi
(network emulation toolkit) mahi-mahi is the Hawaiian name for the creature better known elsewhere as the dolphinfish or dorado – apparently just a random animal with no intended implication that it might get tangled in your net
mandos
(encrypted-rootfs server) nothing to do with man or DOS; a rather obscure Tolkien reference
manila-*
(OpenStack filesystem as a service) punning on “manila folder”, the kind of file container originally made from manila hemp
mantis
a bugtracker named after a bug-catching insect
marco
(metacity fork for MATE, thematically named in Spanish) “frame”
mariadb-*
non-Oracle-owned fork of MySQL by the original developers, including Monty Widenius, whose younger daughter is named Maria
mate-*
(fork of GNOME 2, so often misleadingly written MATE) nothing to do with sex or death: it’s just named after the South American beverage, presumably to fit Linux Mint’s “herbs and spices” theme – cf. cinnamon
mathopd
(web server) from the developer’s IRC nick
maven
(Java build management tool) a Yiddish word for “expert” or “wisdom-gatherer” adopted into US English; the idea is that maven is a central place for build-information
mawk
Mike Brennan’s implementation of the pattern scanning and text processing language AWK, which is named after its authors – Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan
mc
this file-manager is a clone of “NC”, Norton Commander (yes, it’s that old); its full name is “GNU Midnight Commander”. Okay, that explains the “C”. But what’s so Midnightish about it – why wasn’t it called, say, “console commander”? Either there’s an obscure cultural reference here or maybe version 0.0 was called “Nocturnal Commander”
melange
(former OpenStack IP-address-manager) first introduced with a “Dune” reference (“the IPs must flow”)
menhir
(OCaml parsergenerator) Breton for standing stone; cf morbig
mercurial
created during the bitkeeper troubles with the Linux kernel, and named in honor of BitMover CEO Larry McVoy (since it can mean “fickle”). Also because it conveniently abbreviates to “hg” (chemical symbol of mercury), and because it fits the existing namespace of selenic.com
(Python build system) not a typo for “mason”; they were thinking of calling it “gluon”, but this was the closest name still unclaimed
metacity
an otherwise deliberately uncool window-manager named after an arbitrary cool (made-up) word – “Metacity is not a meta-City as in an urban center, but rather Meta-ness as in the state of being meta, i.e. metacity : meta as opacity : opaque. Also it may have something to do with the Meta key on UNIX keyboards.” Though surely metacity would be the state of being metacious?
mg
(text editor) originally “MicroGnuEmacs” (there was already a “MicroEmacs”), but since it doesn’t actually have anything to do with GNU the developer was asked to rename it, and chose somewhat eccentrically to make it a MilliGnu
mhonarc
Mail-to-HTML archiving tool, which explains most but not quite enough of it
mimedefang
a general-purpose email filter named after its original specialty: making safe (“de-fanging”) message attachments (MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
mistral-*
(OpenStack business workflow service) named after a seasonal wind – i.e. a predictably scheduled “flow” of air
mksh
the MirBSD Korn Shell (after ksh88/ksh93 which are named for their author David G. Korn); from one of the more recent BSD derivatives
mlocate
a locate implementation where the “M” stands for “merging”
*moinmoin*
the name of the MoinMoin wiki-engine is taken from a Dutch/Low Saxon greeting roughly equivalent to “aloha”, presumably chosen because (like lots of wiki-engine names) it’s informal and repetitive. It has nothing to do with the Nigerian steamed bean pudding of the same name
molly-guard
named after the plexiglass covers used to protect the Big Red Switch on University of Illinois servers from marauding toddlers
mongodb
an unfortunate name in various Germanic languages, but it’s intended to imply that it’s a database system that scales to humongous sizes
monkeysphere
this community-driven cryptographic certification framework is named in reference to Dunbar’s Number, an estimate of the maximum number of peers a primate can effectively keep track of while negotiating social relationships
mono-*
.NET-compatible programming platform; it was first developed by Ximian, and “mono” is Spanish for “monkey”, so it’s yet another semi-arbitrary primate name
morbig
(POSIX shell parser) Breton (cf. menhir) for “oystercatcher”, a picky eater
mozilla-*
originally Netscape’s in-house codename/mascot for what they hoped would be a “Mosaic killer” (with perhaps a hint of self-deprecation); nowadays the “moz” part is often used as an abbreviation for Mozilla(-based browser)
mozo
(alacarte fork for MATE, thematically named in Spanish) “servant” or “waiter” (a menu-handler)
mrd6
multicast routing daemon for IPv6
muffin
a fork of Mutter for the cinnamon desktop – a name close in form to the former and associated in meaning with the latter
munin
(network monitor) named after one of the two ravens of the Norse god Odin (cf. the otherwise unconnected package hugin). The name is Old Norse for “mind” or “memory”
murano-*
(OpenStack application catalog) named (arbitrarily?) after a set of islands in Venice famous for glassmaking
mutt
a self-deprecatory animal-name close to “MUA” (and maybe “TTY”?). It was forked as neomutt when development slowed down, but has now learned some new tricks
mutter-*
GNOME window manager; a derivative of Metacity using the Clutter graphics library for compositing (and libclutter is so called because… it’s a Canvas Library that lets you fill the screen with all sorts of complicated junk?)
Initial “N” in package names can indicate “network-oriented” (as in ngrep, nmap, etc.), but often it’s something stranger: an abbreviation for “new” that effectively means “old”, in that it marks the software as a faithful (or slightly enhanced) nineties re-implementation of some UNIX-standard legacy application. For instance, one of the successors of UNIX mail (cf. mailx) is known by the name nail
nagios*
a network monitor, formerly known as NetSaint, but to avoid trademark issues uninformatively renamed as “Nagios Ain’t Gonna Insist On Sainthood”. Indeed it’s gone rather out of its way not to infringe: “HAGIOS” would have worked equally well for that recursive acronym and would have been the New Testament Greek for “saint”…
nano
allegedly, nano’s another editor; a smaller and for a long time freer clone of pico, the pine composer (that is, the text-editor for the pine MUA – see alpine)
nautilus
a file-system-navigating shell, named after a non-arbitrary animal: the shelled cephalopod whose name means “sailor”
ncompress
new-in-the-nineties version of the standard UNIX file compressing utility, using the (then) patent-encumbered LZW algorithm (unlike gzip‘s compatibility version); see zlib1g
ncurses-*
a new-in-the-nineties free fork of the curses terminal (and cursor) control library used for Text User Interfaces
nedit
originally the Nirvana Text Editor
nemiver
a GNOME debugger; verlan (French backslang) for “vermin”
nemo
file manager for the cinnamon desktop, but with no spicy connection in the name (and not a Pixar reference); this is a fork (“steering in a new direction”) of Nautilus, and Nemo was the commander (cf. mc) of the fictional submarine of that name
nethack-*
not a net-hacking tool or even a game played over the net. It was a game (of hacking a trail through a virtual dungeon) that was distributed and cooperatively developed over USENET
netpbm
commandline image manipulation tools using portable bitmap and related formats; like the above (or indeed NetBSD) it uses “net” to mean roughly “maintained by an open, widely distributed group of contributors”
neutron-*
(OpenStack networking service) a similarly science-y albeit slightly less cloudy name to replace quantum after a trademark clash
(web server, pronounced as “engine-X” and not as a rhyme for “minx”) because it powers your web site and brand-names sound cooler if they end in X. The package nginx-naxsi-ui is especially cryptic: it’s the nginx anti-XSS-SQL-injection module’s user interface
ninka
(software license manager) Japanese for “permission, license”
nmh
new-in-the-nineties version of the MHmessage handler (a CLI mailreader toolkit dating back to the seventies)
nnn
“Nnn is Not Noice”. Remember the file manager noice? Me neither
nodejs
(JavaScript platform) originally web.js, but renamed to node.js to imply it could function as any other kind of network component. Not to be confused with the amateur packet radio program ax25-node, formerly known as node
(OpenStack Compute service) after NASA’s similar “Nebula” (which was named from the Latin for “cloud”)
ntfs-3g
“NTfile system support, thirdgeneration” – a fork, since re-merged, of ntfsprogs; but when was “-2G”? (“Windows NT” has a confused history, but is officially meaningless)
new-in-the-nineties version of wall, the utility for writing messages to all logged-in users
nwrite
new-in-the-nineties version of write (A.K.A. bsd-write)
nyquist
music-score language named after phone engineer Harry Nyquist, who discovered noise
nyx
(TOR monitor) goddess of night, a short and memorable classical reference
O
obex-data-server
the object exchange protocol is used for sending stuff over IrDA/Bluetooth, and has nothing to do with the “obex” which is part of the brainstem
obnam
(backup system) short for “obligatory name”, in the sense that it had to have one, and this arbitrary string will do
ocaml
objective caml (originally the punning “categorical abstract machine language”; and let’s not forget that “objective” in this sense is also a play on words)
ocsigenserver
ocaml web server; a homophone of “oxygen” (in French; it could have been “ocxygène”, but this version is 7-bit clean). Its scripting module eliom is a similar play on “hélium”
octave*
(MATLAB-like number-crunching language) GNU Octave isn’t named after the musical scale – it’s in honor of a chemical engineering professor famed for his calculating skills, Octave Levenspiel
oidentd
Ojnk Software Design identification daemon
openjade
a contribution-friendly fork of jade, which never officially stood for anything, though early reports were that it was “James (Clark)’s awesome DSSSL engine” (DSSSL being “Document Style Semantics and Specification Language” – in other words an SGML/XML document formatting standard)
openstack-*
(cloud computing architecture) named in terms of the stack metaphor originally applied to “layered” network protocols; but there’s a hint of a “cloud layers” pun here (after all, its proprietary rivals include “CloudStack”)
openswan
as in StrongSwan and FreeS/WAN (which is punctuated a bit more transparently), “swan” indicates “Secure Wide Area Network”
orage
originally named xfcalendar, but switched to the French for “thunderstorm”; this may be a pun on “agenda organizer” in one language or another, or it may be because Mozilla Thunderbird’s calendaring extension is called “lightning”
oregano
GNOME circuit simulator, named thematically after the Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis; it can’t hurt that this one has a “G” in it
orthanc-*
medical database server; a Tolkienian wizard’s home
owl
client for Zephyr, which was the original Instant Messaging protocol for Project Athena – Zephyr being the Greek god of the west wind and the owl being the (wind-borne) mascot of Athena (the “staying up all night” part might be relevant too). This package has approximately zero users, but there’s also a fork called barnowl which has at least a few
P
pan
is now too embarrassed to admit that it was claiming to be a pimp-ass newsreader
*pango*
a cross-language hybrid: “pan” (Greek for “every”) plus “go” (not quite Japanese for “language”)
parole
in French this doesn’t mean “getting out of prison by giving your word of honor that you’ll behave”, it’s just “(spoken) word”, and thus a reasonable name for a simple media player
parrot
(common virtual machine for dynamic languages) named after a historic April Fool’s hoax that came true
passepartout
desktop publishing app. Originally “Framer” (compare FrameMaker), then renamed to something more interesting: a “passepartout” is a kind of cardboard frame that you put around watercolor paintings. (In the original French it also means “skeleton key”, but that doesn’t necessarily mean it installs a back door on your computer)
patroni
a fork of “Governor” thematically named after various related pieces of software with names that generally mean “boss”
pcmanfm
(file manager) because the main developer’s nickname is “PCMan”
pekwm
(window manager) the original developer had the pseudonym “pekdon”, which means “pointing device” in Swedish (more literally “pick tool”), so presumably it’s that
perl
the expansions “Practical Extraction and Report Language” and “Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister” are backronyms; it started (very briefly) as Pearl, then got shortened to something more distinctive
trademark-dodging rename of gaim, the GTK+ AOL Instant Messenger; now named as a common medium of communication. Uses the libpurpleprotocol plugin library
pike*
programming language, derived from µLPC (micro-Lars-Pensjö-C) but given “a more pronouncable and commercially viable name“. The logo implies they were thinking of the fish rather than the polearm
pinfo
Przemek’s Info Viewer
ping
named after the sonar pulse; “packet Internet groper” is a backronym
(video editor) the name comes from “Epitech” (the college where its developer was studying) plus (a franglais spelling of) “T.V.”
pluma
(gedit fork for MATE, thematically named in Spanish) “feather/quill/pen”
pluxml
(XML-based blog) French portmanteau of plume (feather, as in light-as-a) and XML
plymouth
(graphical boot splash) probably named after one of the Plymouths that were stepping-stones in the anglophone colonization of the new world
po-debconf
there has never been a Debian Conference on the river Po. This is a tool for handling .po files (that is, gettext Portable Object message-catalogs) for debconf templates
pocketsphinx
a version designed for embedded use of the SPHINX speech recognition system, initially developed at Carnegie Mellon University in the eighties and named in the same tradition as the seventies CMU systems “DRAGON” and “HARPY”. Not related to the Python documentation system python-sphinx; neither of these are claiming to be like the sphinx of classical myth whose diet was people who had failed to solve its riddles.
polari
(GNOME IRC client) from the name of the cant traditionally used in various underground subcultures in the UK
poppler-*
(PDF renderer fork of XPDF) a Futurama reference, completely arbitrary except perhaps for the fact it begins with “P”
postfix
(MTA) apparently an arbitrary word with “post” in it
postgresql-*
a Structured Query Language server which is the successor to the Ingres project, which started as an INteractive Graphic[s] [and] REtrieval System (sources differ when it comes to the bracketed elements)
potrace
nothing to do with .po files or pot-racing (that’s dopewars); it “outlines” bitmap images as PostScript vector images using a polygon-based tracer
praat
(speech analysis app) Dutch for “talk”
pragha
lightweight music player named after a friend’s band
utilities that use data from procfs, including the process status tool ps, which originally didn’t
prometheus
monitoring system for people who aren’t scared of divine vengeance, or just don’t overthink their classical references
propellor
(CMS using haskell and git) “The name is because propellor ensures that a system is configured with the desired properties, and also because it kind of pulls system configuration along after it. And you may not want to stand too close.” (Though this doesn’t explain the unorthodox spelling of “propeller”!)
displays a process’s stack (the data structure storing subroutine return addresses)
pulseaudio
(sound server) formerly Polypaudio, but renamed to something a bit cooler and more music-related with the same initials
pump
(BOOTP/DHCP client) because “pumps”, like boots, are footwear – at least in some parts of England; elsewhere they may be called “plimsolls” or “sneakers”
(console UI tools) the FAQ suggests an interpretation (“ur” = German for “primal” + widgets) but also implies it’s a retrofit
Q
Packagenames beginning with “Q” are occasionally using it to signal that they use “Qt”, the GUI widget toolkit associated with KDE; the “t” is for “toolkit” (one of its early-nineties competitors was “Xt”) and the “Q” just looked good in an Emacs font
qemu
written QEMU (as if it was a four-word initialism), but it’s just a “quick emulator”
quadrapassel
formerly gnometris (i.e. GNOME Tetris), but trademark-dodgingly renamed as some sort of thesaurus-mangled version of “four-block”
quagga
the earlier routing daemon zebra may have been an Arbitrary Ungulate; when that stopped being developed, its successor was named after a less stripey southern relative, though it’s a bit backwards in that zoologically it’s the quagga that’s extinct
(IRC client) a German word for “blather” or “jabber”
quodlibet
(music organizer) In Latin “quod libet” is “whatever you want”; in English a quodlibet is a particular kind of musical improvization; and in Subversion as it happens the repository started with a “ql” directory (originally “query language”). See also exfalso
R
r10k
(Ruby Puppet deployer) in the style of Randall Munroe’s generically-named IRCbot “Robot 9000”, but rounded up to 10,000
r-base
GNU R is an implementation of S (for Stats) by two people named Ross and Robert
radon
(code metrics) probably a reference to the radioactive element formerly used in X-ray machines, and not to the mathematical Radon Transform named after Johann Radon
rakudo
(Perl6 implementation) Japanese for Paradise, punning on “rakuda-dō”, “the way of the camel”
ranger
the name of this vim-like terminal file manager was influenced by other similar file managers like midnight commander and konqueror. It’s a reference to Chuck Norris, the Texas Ranger. The file manager that roundhouse-kicks the others into oblivion!
rarian-compat
the documentation metadata framework is called rarian because it depends on librarian0…
rat
VOIP “robust audio tool” produced by the Multimedia Integrated Conferencing for Europe project
rawtherapee
that’s raw as in “raw digital camera image files” plus a mangled acronym from the experimental raw photo editor
rear
disaster recovery tool, short for relax-and-recover
recoll
short for “recollect” (i.e. remember where you put things)
remmina
GNOME remote desktop client. Unclear, but one backronym that has been offered is “remote mini assistant”
remotetea
an esoteric Java ONC/RPC library. Explaining the “remote” part is easy; the reference to tea is trickier (but it’s not talking about this kind)
rheolef
French, so the “EF” stands for “Éléments Finis” (as in Finite Element Analysis); the “L” may be for “Logiciel” (software) or just part of the word “rhéologie” (fluid mechanics)
ries
RILYBOT Inverse Equation Solver
ristretto
(image viewer) Italian for a small, concentrated (literally “restricted”) shot of espresso coffee. This succeeds in combining the ideas of “powerful” and “lightweight”, even if it does misleadingly suggest it’s in Java
rofi
describes itself as a “window switcher”, so presumably it’s because “rofi” is “(a) switch” in Icelandic
ronn
(man page builder) the current version is technically Ronn-NG, and takes it for granted you know that originally ronn was the opposite of roff
root-tail
it doesn’t follow the superuser about; it doesn’t adhere to the back side of the base mountpoint; it doesn’t show the end of an inverse-power frequency distribution; it has nothing to do with rootkits or lemmatization or gardening; it just runs tail and sends its output to the desktop background (the “X root window”)
rox-filer
(alternative GUI filesystem browser) part of the “ROX” project, which was inspired by the desktop environment on old Acorn computers and stands for “RISC OS on X11”
ruby
(programming language) nothing to do with perl, or ruby markup; apparently it was a friend’s birthstone
rust
(programming language) named after a fungus that is robust, distributed, and parallel, and its creator is a biology nerd.
rxvt-*
Rob Nation’s fork of the X11 Virtual Terminal; originally “Robert’s” xvt, later “our” xvt
S
sac
for system accounting
sahara-*
(OpenStack data processing as a service) formerly savannah, renamed to avoid the usual trademark issues (to a word that may look similar but really has pretty much the opposite connotations)
the initials of the Server Message Block protocol, plus arbitrary vowels to build a word
sanduhr
German for “sand-clock”
sapphire
a late-nineties window manager named after a mid-eighties one, the screen allocation package providing helpful icons and rectangular environments
sauerbraten
(non-free FPS game engine) from a traditional German style of pot-roast
sawfish
(Lisp window manager) originally sawmill, but changed to avoid a trademark – see (end of) FAQ
scala
(programming language) officially either a scalable language or an Italian stairway (rather than a classical scale – see also octave)
schleuder
(GPG-enabled mailing list) German for “catapult”, which is after all a way of sending things
schroot
a replacement for dchroot, which was a “Debian change root” tool (letting you run processes limited to a given directory as if it was the file system root). Originally developed as sbuild-chroot-helper, where the “S” in sbuild stands for source, but the interpretation where it’s for “switch” (compare su = “switch user”) is also accepted
scilab
scientific laboratory – a numerical computation toolkit for processing datasets, compatible with MATLAB (“matrix laboratory”)
scrobbler
frontend for services like audioscrobbler, a dot-com that existed only just long enough at the turn of the millennium to establish “scrobbling” as a generic word for what it did
sddm
(KDE5 display manager) the simple desktop display manager, originally developed for OpenBSD’s Simple Desktop Environment
seafile-*
the name was originally picked for a peer-to-peer network before it became a cloud service
semanticscuttle
(PHP bookmark-sharing tool) “semantic” in the “semantic web” sense (i.e. it involves tagging), “scuttle” presumably as a reference to “scuttlebutt” or gossip
senlin
(OpenStack clustering service) from “sēnlín”, Mandarin Chinese for “forest”
slony1-2-bin
PostgreSQL database-replication server; “slony” is the Russian for elephants, as in the PostgreSQL logo. The numbering is because this package is version 2.x of “Slony-I”, not the stalled “Slony-II” branch
slrn
slang-based alternative to the traditional USENET client rn (“read news”)
slurm
(network monitor) a Futurama reference with no obvious justification; unconnected to (and older than) the WorkLoad Manager also known as SLURM (and packaged as slurm-wlm), which has the excuse of being a simple Linux utility for resource management
smuxi
smart multiplexed IRC client
s-nail
Steffen (Daode) Nurpmeso’s revived version of nail (the “new”mail)
snort
software for heavy-duty sniffing (probably)
sox
long ago short for soundexchange
splint
the word “lint” started out as a word for a form of cloth, before becoming US slang for unwanted fluff, and then a verb meaning “remove fluff”. In the seventies this verb was turned back into a noun as the name of a utility for “nitpicking” C code. That original utility is long gone, but its name has become a general developerese term for “code debugger”, leading to puns like this: splint claims to be “First Aid for programmers” (justifying it as standing for “secure programming lint” or “specifications lint“)
(file system indexer) a slightly garbled version of the Latin for “owl”
subtle
subforge.orgtiled windowmanager
subversion
a version control system that set out to overthrow the established social order (with cvs dominant)
sudo
su-do (“perform as superuser”), with a pun on “pseudo” (after all, you’re not really logged in as root)
sugar-*
(non-desktop-based UI for children) named as something that helps the medicine go down
sup-mail
(Ruby MUA) named from the casual greeting “(what’)sup?” – not to be confused with the Debian package sup, which is an implementation of the CMU Software Upgrade Protocol system
suricata
(network monitor/IDS) the genus Suricata are the meerkats, a relatively non-arbitrary animal
swath
smart word analysis for Thai
sweep
presumably a sound wave editor something something
swift
(OpenStack storage service) a bird that more or less lives in the clouds
swig
(C/C++ integration tool for scripting languages) simplified wrapper and interface generator
sylpheed
(GTK MUA) the FAQ claims it’s because sylphs are lightweight, but that only explains the first syllable
sympa
(mailinglist manager) the package description explains that a “système de multi-postage automatique” is an “automatic multi-mailing system”, but not that “sympa(thique)” is French for “nice, likeable”
sysvinit
the initialization daemon inherited from UNIX System V, which replaced UNIX System IV in 1983 (but the name of its successor systemd does not similarly represent “UNIX System five hundred”). The package contains telinit, which apparently means “tell init” (and confusingly is a symlink to init)
T
tailor
(inter-VCS changeset migrator) obvious once you realise it’s dealing with patches
tali
formerly gtali short for GNOME Tali, from the Latin for “anklebones”, since that’s what the Romans used for dice
tang
an authentication system named after the projecting “tang” that’s part of a lock
KDE collection-tracker; just from a placename near where the developer grew up (a controversial dam in Tennessee)
telnet
teletype network. Before the days of computer terminals, Teletype was originally a brand of “telegraph typewriters”
texlive*
(typesetting system) the “X” in “TeX” is really a Greek “χ” (chi as in “techne” = art/skill/craft); the “live” is because it used to be possible to run upstream versions up to 2009 from a liveCD
tgif
antique drawing tool; the name has nothing to do with GIF format (or “thank goodness it’s Friday”) – it stands for “Tangram Graphic Interface Facility”
thuban
(interactive geographic data viewer) Arabic for “snake”, but presumably named after Thuban the once-and-future pole star (alpha Draconis)
timidity
software synthesizer (i.e. MIDI player), now known upstream as TiMidity++; not related to audacity
tmux
multiplexer for virtual consoles. terminal multiplexer.
tokyotyrant
network-capable control interface to the tokyocabinet database management library, which is in turn apparently just named after the fact it’s Japanese and contains things
tomb
(directory encryption tool) a cobweb-covered pun on “crypt”, as in “underground burial vault”
tomcat*
Java web server; an arbitrary animal name specifically chosen to get a tomcat onto the O’Reilly book cover
trove
(OpenStack DB-as-a-Service) a treasure-trove is a form of longterm storage for valuable stuff, albeit not one that’s optimized for convenient access
tryton-*
enterprise application framework mainly written in Python. The name is a reference to the programming language and Triton, the largest moon of the planet Neptune, while the logo is a reference to the Triton (or Triturus), a kind of newt
tumbler
Xfce thumbnailer, so named presumably just because it’s a cut-down thumbnailer
tuskar-*
(OpenStack deployment manager) named (arbitrarily?) after an Irish offshore rock (and lighthouse)
*twisted*
(Python network server modules) originated as part of the “Twisted Reality” online interactive fiction system
twm
officially the “tab window manager” (the idea being that windows with title bars look like folders with tabs), but originally in 1987 “Tom la Strange’s WM”
there’s clearly a German pun lurking beneath the surface here, but the “U” indicates “Universal” (the same as in GRUB)
ucblogo
the version of Logo from the University of California, Berkeley. The name is not an acronym; it’s from the Greek for “word” (since it does more than just numbercrunching)
udev
as with udisks, ulogd, upower and so on the “U” here stands for “Userspace” – though the “user” in question doesn’t necessarily mean the real-life entity between keyboard and chair, just a process not running in kernelspace (i.e. anything from init down to advertising popups)
udhcpd
that’s not a “U”, it’s a “μ” (compare udeb or usleep) – this is the microDynamic Host Configuration Protocol Daemon
ukolovnik
(PHP todo-list) “úkolovnik” is Czech for “task manager”
ukui*
desktop for Ubuntu Kylin, a revamp of Kylin OS (named after the “Chinese unicorn”)
undertaker
(code analysis tool) helps you deal with “dead” (unreachable) codeblocks
unixodbc-*
this is the UNIX(-compatible) implementation of the Open DataBase Connectivity interface, not, say, UNIX Objective Design By Contract, or indeed United Nations International X-ray Observatory Dynamic Brake Control
unoconv
a format-switcher, but it doesn’t extract things from oconv format; it’s for converting between the formats used by Open/LibreOffice applications, all of which are built around the Universal Network Objects component model
uruk
(firewall) named after the strong-walled Mesopotamian city of which Gilgamesh was king
uswsusp
originally, userland software suspend – but these days different sources interpret the initial letter either as “u”-for-Userspace or as “μ”-for-Micro
util-linux
a package with a misleadingly straightforward name. In fact it’s essential/required even on Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, and it contains some utilities with outstandingly cryptic names:
cytune: [no longer included] for tuning Cyclades-Z multiport serial cards, as used in nineties ISPs
dmesg: displays kernel ring buffer messages
agetty: “alternative get teletype”, which is in fact the standard console login handler
mkfs.bfs: a tool for creating SCO UnixWare boot file systems, useful because… EXCUSE NOT FOUND
uudeview
named after one of its binaries, a command line uuencode format decoder/viewer dating back to the era of UUCP (Unix to Unix CoPy) connections; the package also contains similar utilities for some less ancient MIME-like encodings
V
valac
compiler for the Vala programming language. There’s no official explanation for the name, but the leading theory is that it’s a Tolkien reference
valentina
a clothes design tool named after famous Ukrainian-emigree fashion designer Valentina Nicholaevna Sanina Schlee
valgrind
Code profiler, but not a “value-grinder” (despite the thematic names of its executables). It was originally going to be named Heimdal, but since that was taken they just switched to a different name from Norse myth. Valgrind was the magically protected gateway into Valhalla
valinor
ELF debugging tool, and punning Tolkien reference (the Undying Lands that most elves have fled to)
vamps
(DVD-ripper) allegedly because it evaporates DVD-compliant MPEG2 program streams
vcsh
version control shell or vcshome
verdigris
Qt header library inspired by CopperSpice (for C++ aka cpp)
vidalia
a GUI for TOR (The Onion Router) named after a kind of onion (state vegetable of Georgia)
vile
when it says it’s a “VILike Emacs”, it means that it’s a vi clone which is relatively similar to emacs, and not the reverse, a “vi–like emacs“. Compare zile and the following
vim
“vi improved”, just as nvi is “new” and elvis is… a word with “vi” in the middle. In all these, “vi” indicates “visual mode” – that is, letting you see the text you’re modifying in a full-console display, which had hitherto been an optional extra
vinagre
GNOME Remote Desktop/VNC client; named after the Spanish word for vinegar, because vino was taken
vlc
VideoLAN project media-player Client
W
w3m
(the text pager that thinks it’s a tabbed graphical web browser) “WWW-o miru” is Japanese for “see the World Wide Web”
wajig
(omnibus sysadmin wrapper command) sounds like an obvious hybrid of “whatsit”, “oojah”, and “thingmajig”, natural enough for a general-purpose “thingy” command; but the docs insist it’s the English word “jig” plus a prefix “wa” (Japanese for “harmony” or “team spirit”). If you say so…
wapiti
a web app probing tool, which starts out promisingly but ends up as just another free software ungulate
warmux
formerly wormux, which was presumably “Worms clone for Linux”, though it’s multi-platform and features no actual worms; renamed to avoid confusion and/or litigation. Now canonically capitalized as “WarMUX”, though there’s no sign of any multiplexing either
wayland*
compositing display server to rival X11; named after a town in Massachusetts (not particularly close to Plymouth) that the developer happened to be passing through
wcc
the Witchcraft Compiler Collection (performing “binary black magic”)
weboob
weboutside of browsers, with a childish pun on “boobs”
a tool based on pbuilder but using docker, the logo for which is “Moby Dock”, a whale disguised as a container ship
whiptail
a dialog system using libnewt and named after a type of lizard (since newts are… almost lizards). “Not Erik’s Windowing Toolkit” is a UI library based in turn on S-Lang; and “slang” happens to be Dutch for “snake”, though it was intended to indicate that it started as a Stack-based Language.
wicd-*
originally the Wireless Interface Connection Daemon, but since it now also handles wired networks it’s officially meaningless
wine
originally short for WINdows Emulator, but “corrected” to Wine Is Not an Emulator
wiredtiger
given that it’s a Big Data storage platform, it’s more likely to be intended to suggest “cool and fearsomely powerful thing on the network” rather than “as stable as a wildcat on amphetamines”
wireshark
this package obviously provides a filigree selachian. Either that or when ethereal got renamed they thought “what way of indicating that it bites up network packets would be coolest and least likely to be trademarked?”
wmii
Window Manager Improved Improved, the successor of wmi (Window Manager Improved)
wodim
free fork of cdrecord for cdrkit (see also icedax); an approximate acronym for Write Optical DIsk Media, which is intelligible but hardly the first thing you’d guess
workrave
RSI preventer; the “work” part makes sense, but what’s the “rave”? A dance party? A French turnip?
wvdial
upstream were formerly known as “Worldvisions Weaver Software”, and parts of this package were known as “weaver”, later abbreviated to just “wv-“. Nothing to do with the package wv (where it’s short for MSWordView)
wyrd
(simple calendar app) an unclaimed short word for “that which is destined to happen”
X
Things that begin with X mostly fall into one of two types:
the ones like xterm, xlock, or xdm where “X” indicates “for X11”
the ones like xemacs, xfs, or xz, where the “X” is a random distinguishing letter (the world’s least effective UUID)
x11-*
the eleventh major version of the X Window System (released in 1987; the minor version X11r7 came out in 2005). The X here isn’t a type-2; it was originally intended to mark X as a successor to the W Window System developed for the V Operating System
*-xapian
a search engine based on code which went through various names with no obvious connection before it went proprietary; this is a free fork with an untrademarked name. It obviously has a type-2 “X” and an “API”; the FAQ admits that there’s a vague pun on “sapient” in there too
xaw3dg
a library for X-consortium Athena widget-set three–dimensional graphics support, plus a “G” for glibc2 left over from the 1997 libc6 transition (yes, it’s another product of Project Athena)
xawtv
originally an analog TV viewer based on XAW (as above)
xdg-*
some of these packages take the trouble to explain that they come from the FreeDesktop.Org standardization efforts, but not that XDG is short for its previous name, the “XDesktop Group” (a “type-1” X)
xemacs*
a fork of GNU Emacs, originally known as Lucid Emacs; when ownership of the Lucid Inc trademark became unclear it was renamed XEmacs, where the X is a “type-2”
xen-*
designed for the “Xenoserver Project”, where “xeno-” comes from the Greek word “ξένος” meaning “foreigner” or “guest-friend” (that is, a virtualized foreign OS that you allow to run on your server)
xfce*
stood for XForms Common Environment while that was accurate, but now doesn’t stand for anything
xindy
a LaTeX indexing tool; allegedly stands for “fleXible INDexing sYstem”
xiphos
a Bible-study system based on the SWORD project, and named after a variety of Ancient Greek sword
xli
a longstanding fork of xloadimage (not derived by summing VI + X + X + XV)
xmms2
successor to XMMS, which was formerly “X11Amp” (that is, “WinAmp clone for X11”), but officially not a type-1: instead it’s “the cross-platform multimedia system”
xmount
a forensic tool where the X is neither type-1 nor type-2. Instead it’s pronounced “crossmount” (meaning that it translates between disk image formats on the fly)
xnee
it may be an X event recorder/replayer, but Xnee’s not an event emulator; and roughly the same goes for cnee, gnee, and pnee (in theory their initial letters don’t stand for “X11/console/Gnome/gnome-Panel”…)
xorriso
a tool for creating .isos (putting an X/Open-compliant file system on a Rock-Ridge-enhanced ISO image), punning incidentally on “sorriso” (Portuguese for “smile”) and accidentally on “chorizo” and “xoriço” (Spanish and Catalan for a kind of sausage)
xpra
provides X11 persistent remote applications – in other words, it’s like a graphical screen for individual application windows on remote systems
xulrunner-*
a back-end for things made out of the Mozilla widget-building material known to acronym fans as XUL. That’s a Ghostbusters reference as well as a standard piece of Mozilla-speak for “XML UI Language” (where XML is the “eXtensible Markup Language” and a UI is a “User Interface”)
xxd
the name echoes that of “uudecode” (a conversion tool for an antique ASCII format – see uudeview), though in the case of xxd it’s the fact it can encode hexdumps into binaries that sets it apart from the implementations with intelligible names
xygrib
a reader to meteorological data in GRIB format (GRIdded Binary or General Regularly-distributed Information in Binary form); forked from zygrib with a similarly arbitrary prefix
Y
Things that begin with “YA” are often self-deprecatorily claiming to be “Yet Another (whatever)”. yasysmand-cling would almost certainly turn out to be the “Next Generation” fork of the Command-Line Interface for a “SYStem-MANagement Daemon”
yabause
yet another buggy and uncomplete Saturn emulator (for the mid-nineties Sega Saturn games console)
yadifa
practically the only thing Wikipedia claims to know is the bit the docs don’t mention: it’s “yet another DNS implementation for all”
apparently if you take the zabbix.com training course it explains the name
zanshin
(KDE notetaking app) Japanese martial-arts term for “relaxed awareness”
zapping
a lot of continental Europeans seem to think “zapping” is a cool English word for “channel-hop”
zaqar-*
(OpenStack messaging service) formerly named Marconi, but renamed (for the usual trademark reasons) after the Mesopotamian dreamlord Zaqar/Dzakar, messenger of the moongod Sin
zathura
the box office flop sequel to Jumanji, which might make trademark-infringing amounts of sense if it was a game, but no, it’s a document viewer
zemberek-*
(Turkic spellchecker) from the Turkish for “mainspring”; the FAQ used to claim it was because the developer came from a long line of watchmakers, but now it only says it sounds funny. Etymologically it’s from the Persian for “bee”, so let’s just call it an arbitrary animal
zenity
(dialog tool) mysterious; presumably the connection with Zen Buddhism is just that it tries to be simple (not connected with the C++ ZenLib)
zfs*
the last word in file systems, if only alphabetically; originally the Zettabyte File System
zile
zile is lossy emacs – in the figurative sense of “lossy”; literally speaking, it isn’t emacs at all, it’s zile. Compare vile
zim
(personal wiki-notepad) unrelated to the ZIM (Zeno IMproved) file format used (e.g.) by the WikiMedia Foundation; the original logo makes it clear it’s an Invader Zim reference
zlib1g
a compression library. This field has been associated with the letter “Z” since long before PKZip (1989); it may even predate the Lempel-Ziv 1977 algorithm. Back before the days of the LZW-based compress with its .Z extension, /bin/pack used Huffman codes and, for some reason, a .z extension. Oddly, zlib1g isn’t the upstream or source package name (that’s plain “zlib“) or the name of the library it provides (that’s “libz1“). The “g” is probably a hangover from the libc6 transition (which means it effectively stands for “glibc2“)
(PackageKit software management tool) uses Novell’s libZYpp, which has a Z from their “ZEN” (“zero effort networks”) and a Y from SuSE’s “YaST” (“yet another setup tool”)
zzuf
a source of “fuzzing”, i.e. data corruption for application debugging, which started out with a much ruder name
Well uh, this is going to be a different spin on something I usually write, where I give advice to Destiny 2 players starting new content, be it DLC or a season, once I’ve grinded a fair bit of it. This time, however, I’m trying to gently suggest that there are some mistakes that have been made with Season of the Worthy that Bungie should have avoided while making it in order to have made it more successful.
I am going to actually steer away from Trials today, as I have written like three different articles now on what is ailing that mode and I think we’ve covered the basics now between cheating, beaver errors, card farming, low-level and flawless rewards, among other things. Today I’ll focus more on the bunkers and PvE side of things, which is what most of the community still comes to Destiny for. And as I said yesterday, this is the lightest PvE content in the game’s seasonal history, if you ask me.
I’m going to try to stay away from big obvious things like “hey a raid would have been nice instead of legendary lost sectors” and focus more on smaller things that could have helped this season, but I fear it’s too late to change most of this now.
Destiny 2
Bungie
1. The Entire Artifact Mod System Needs A Revamp
I think there are quite a few things wrong with the seasonal artifact mod system, but I’ll break it down to two main issues. First of all, I see literally no purpose in forcing players to choose just 12 different mod options out of 25 from the artifact when fully leveled, as opposed to simply letting everyone unlock everything in the artifact as they gain XP in the season, allowing for greater potential build diversity. The current system which forces you to refresh the entire thing and pick 12 new ones for an increasing amount of glimmer is annoying for no reason and I cannot see a downside to just being able to unlock and use everything.
The second aspect of this is that I want the anti-champion mods to simply turn into passive intrinsic perks on guns during a season, rather than mods. As in, all hand cannons in Season of the Worthy have a perk toggle which can give them anti-overload or anti-unstoppable. SMGs can have anti-barrier or anti-overload this season. This would let you use your normal mod slot instead of replacing it and make the entire process more streamlined. You could apply this to exotics too, which would get around their lack of a mod slot, but I understand that making all exotics anti-champion automatically could break the game in unforeseen ways, so I also support the idea of just going back and making certain ones anti-champion across all seasons like we have for a few now.
Destiny 2
Bungie
2. Everyone Should Have Been Getting Some Passive Warmind Bits From The Start
I cannot tell you how many people I have had tell me that they have just not engaged with the bunker system at all this season. That’s bad design, considering once you get even a cursory amount of upgrades going, it’s beyond easy to max them, and they are way, way easier than the obelisks last season. But no one realizes that, or they don’t care.
I think a core issue is that you only essentially get any Warmind bits at first from bounties (and who isn’t sick of bounties now) and the public event. I think the game should have been giving random drops of X amount of bits for pretty much all activities in the game from the start so players would have been able to play whatever they want and still feel engaged with the season. As it stands right now you need hundreds and hundreds of bits to even upgrade a bunker to the point where you can start getting Warmind bit drops from activities like strikes or Crucible matches when I think that should have just been active from the start.
Destiny 2
Bungie
3. Bunker Clearing And Featured Bunkers Are Too Convoluted
Here’s an example of how the current bunker system is too messy for its own good. My New Light buddy has been running through older content with me, and finally got high enough in power to do seasonal Worthy stuff this past week. But he missed the EDZ bunker two week stretch and now is on the moon bunker. And the moon bunker gave him a bounty to do three moon legendary lost sectors to complete a weekly bounty for bits, but he can’t activate and clear the moon bunker until he finishes the EDZ part of the quest. It’s a mess, and I think all the bunkers should just be “active” at all times once they arrive in the game to avoid this.
I also think the concept of a daily bunker clear is just not fun or engaging. It feels like a chore, and I think Bungie even realized that since they literally built a way to skip doing it into the game with the seasonal pass perk (which is bugged, but still). If you are giving players to avoid a gameplay obstacle you build by paying to not play it at all, something has gone wrong.
Destiny 2
Bungie
4. Force Players To Engage With The Warmind Cell Mechanic
Here’s a message from a reader on Twitter that was sent to me literally seconds ago as I write this:
“Reading the replies… I didn’t even know what Warmind Cells were, thought they were a consumable or token. I’ve now found out, wow. Kept that secret Bungie.”
Warmind Cells are one of the most fun, most interesting, most powerful mechanics Destiny has ever introduced. The problem is that I would be amazed if even 10% of the playerbase utilized them this season because of how well hidden they are. The same thing happened with Charged with Light, but this time, the mechanic is even better.
Bungie needs to put this in people’s faces. Don’t make people max an entire bunker to get some of the best Cell mods. Reward them earlier. And force them to use it by having say, bounties or modifiers that utilize Warmind Cells and force people to figure out what they are instead of making them totally missable. Hell, even have a mini tutorial to show people what they are, don’t leave it up to YouTubers and me to do it. You put a lot of work into this mechanic, and everybody playing PvE should be at least attempting to make Warmind Cell builds this season. The fact that barely anyone is doing it is a serious problem.
Destiny 2
Bungie
Integrate The Actual Almighty Story Into Any Of This
Through all the PvE content this season, have you remembered at all that the plot right now is supposed to be that the Almighty is going to come crashing down on the Last City? Because I have totally forgotten about it other than the initial cutscene we got on day one.
I understand that we’re powering up Rasputin to launch a super laser at the ship or something, but all of this bunker stuff seems wildly disconnected from the storyline of the season in practice. I would love to see it connected in a big way, ie. story missions that have us returning to the (chronically underused) Almighty to fight enemies there and do something related to the plot, or something even smaller, like a changing skybox that shows the Almighty getting closer and closer to the city every week as we visit the Tower (a very Fortnite-ish kinda thing). But so far, there’s nothing. Just a few new lines from Ana every time a new bunker opens. I have hope this may change later in the season, but this is nothing like the “rescue Saint” storyline last season that we actually felt engaged in.
Those are my critiques. Let me hear yours on Twitter.
It’s Sunday again, time for bold action, time for steely-eyed determination in the face of uncertain outcomes. Today Daisy Mae arrives once more in Animal Crossing: New Horizons, selling as many turnips as you’ve got bells, a couple of the roots bopping around on her head for good measure. There is a lot of uncertainty in the Stalk Market, but with the right information you can at least increase your odds of getting a good return. I’m putting 400,000 in this week, and who knows? I might always get a little more before Daisy Mae leaves at noon.
Buying Price: Seeing as it’s Sunday, the most important information for today is your buying price. This fluctuates too, but not nearly so much as the selling price.
Data from the community suggests that the buying price is always between 90-110. so if you’ve got something in the low 90s, you’ve got a good price on turnips. If you’re in the high 100s, maybe try somewhere else. My price today was 100, which was not high enough to make me want to try someone else’s island. At the end of the day, this isn’t going to make the difference in whether or not you get a good return.
Selling Price: As we’ve noted before, selling prices change twice a day: once at the beginning of the day, and once at noon. The price here is wildly variable, so you can either sell at a deep loss or a massive profit.
I’m not sure that there is a lower bound on Turnip prices. A “bad” price is anything below what you bought at, but I see them priced at 40-70 a fair amount. Don’t go near that with a 10-foot pole. I’ve heard tell of prices as low as 15.
A good price is in the eye of the beholder. If you’re just playing on your own, I’d argue that anything above 200 is a good price: there’s no guarantee that you’ll see that in a week, and definitely no guarantee you’ll see anything bigger.
If you’re using social media and/or a a friend group to cast the net wider, however, you can hold out for a better price. A “good” price here is likely anything above 500: you’re getting somewhere in the neighborhood of a 5X return with that, and any investor will tell you that’s probably a good deal. On Twitter and elsewhere, I regularly see prices go as high as 650. I have yet to see a price above 650, but that doesn’t mean they don’t exist: if you’ve got one, send a screenshot. I’ve heard rumor of 800 but not seen proof.
As usual, cooperation is the best way to get a good price. There are also some predictive tools that you can use to try to figure how high the price will go, but I need to play around with them some before I write them up here.
